Schematics

A visual wall of circuit ideas.

Browse simplified diagrams, test points, and visual references for the calculators, lessons, and DIY projects.

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ElectroLab AI teaches theory, low-voltage electronics, and planning concepts. Mains voltage, switchboards, fixed wiring, high-current systems, and legal electrical work must only be performed by licensed electricians where required.

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Visual schematic

LED current path

Battery voltage pushes current through the resistor, then the LED. The resistor is the part saving the LED.

Low-voltage model
BatteryResistorLEDcurrentR limits LED current

TP1: supply voltage

TP2: resistor drop

TP3: LED polarity

Open LED current path

Visual schematic

RC charge timer

The resistor controls how quickly the capacitor voltage rises. Bigger R or C means a slower timing action.

Low-voltage model
BatteryResistorCapacitorcapacitor voltage risescharging

TP1: supply

TP2: capacitor voltage

TP3: trigger/output

Open RC timer

Visual schematic

Electromagnet coil

Current through the coil creates a magnetic field. The switch-off spike needs a safe path.

Low-voltage model
BatterySwitchCoilcoil currentFlyback diode later

TP1: coil current

TP2: switch node

TP3: coil temperature

Open Electromagnet coil

Visual schematic

Speaker crossover split

A capacitor protects the tweeter from low frequencies while the woofer handles the lower band.

Low-voltage model
AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows

TP1: amp output

TP2: tweeter high-pass

TP3: speaker polarity

Open Speaker crossover

Visual schematic

Solar charger flow

Panel energy passes through charge control before the battery and protected 5 V output.

Low-voltage model
Solar panelCharge controlBattery5 V USB loadsun currentcharge

TP1: panel volts

TP2: battery volts

TP3: USB output

Open Solar charger flow

Visual schematic

Crystal radio signal path

The antenna feeds a tuned LC circuit, then a diode detector extracts audio for the earpiece.

Low-voltage model
AntennaCoilCapacitorLEDSpeakerRF signalDetector diode

TP1: antenna

TP2: tuned circuit

TP3: detector audio

Open Crystal radio path
BatteryResistorLEDcurrentR limits LED current
Ohm's Law

Calculator

Ohm's Law

BatteryLoadIP = V x Iwatch heat
Power

Calculator

Power

AC sourceCoilCoilLoadfluxPrimarySecondary
Transformer Turns Ratio

Calculator

Transformer Turns Ratio

BatteryResistorCapacitorcapacitor voltage risescharging
RC Time Constant

Calculator

RC Time Constant

BatterySwitchCoilcoil currentFlyback diode later
RL Time Constant

Calculator

RL Time Constant

AntennaCoilCapacitorLEDSpeakerRF signalDetector diode
RLC Resonance

Calculator

RLC Resonance

AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows
Speaker Crossover Frequency

Calculator

Speaker Crossover Frequency

Solar panelCharge controlBattery5 V USB loadsun currentcharge
Solar Battery Runtime

Calculator

Solar Battery Runtime

BatteryLoadIP = V x Iwatch heat
AC vs DC

Lesson

AC vs DC

BatteryResistorLEDcurrentR limits LED current
Resistors

Lesson

Resistors

BatteryResistorCapacitorcapacitor voltage risescharging
Capacitors

Lesson

Capacitors

BatterySwitchCoilcoil currentFlyback diode later
Inductors

Lesson

Inductors

AC sourceCoilCoilLoadfluxPrimarySecondary
Transformers

Lesson

Transformers

AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows
Amplifiers

Lesson

Amplifiers

AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows
Speakers

Lesson

Speakers

AntennaCoilCapacitorLEDSpeakerRF signalDetector diode
Radio Waves

Lesson

Radio Waves

Solar panelCharge controlBattery5 V USB loadsun currentcharge
Solar Basics

Lesson

Solar Basics

BatteryResistorCapacitorcapacitor voltage risescharging
LED Flasher

Project

LED Flasher

AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows
Mini Amplifier

Project

Mini Amplifier

Solar panelCharge controlBattery5 V USB loadsun currentcharge
Solar Phone Charger

Project

Solar Phone Charger

BatterySwitchCoilcoil currentFlyback diode later
Electromagnet

Project

Electromagnet

AntennaCoilCapacitorLEDSpeakerRF signalDetector diode
Crystal Radio

Project

Crystal Radio

AmpCapacitorSpeakerWooferhighslows
Speaker Crossover

Project

Speaker Crossover

BatteryLoadIP = V x Iwatch heat
Bench Power Supply

Project

Bench Power Supply

BatterySwitchNPNBuzzertrigger
Simple Alarm Circuit

Project

Simple Alarm Circuit